<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="es">
	<id>https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa</id>
	<title>Casco - Anatomía &amp; Fisiología - Historial de revisiones</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-28T00:36:42Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Historial de revisiones de esta página en el wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.35.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;diff=1763&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ggaitskell: /* Pezuña de Rumiantes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;diff=1763&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-11-20T08:58:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Pezuña de Rumiantes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;es&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisión anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisión del 08:58 20 nov 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l49&quot; &gt;Línea 49:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Línea 49:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para mayor detalle consultar la página de parte [[Miembro Bovino &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Inferior &lt;/del&gt;- Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|distal del miembro bovino]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para mayor detalle consultar la página de parte [[Miembro &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Inferior &lt;/ins&gt;Bovino - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|distal del miembro bovino]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Pezuña en Porcino===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Pezuña en Porcino===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ggaitskell</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;diff=1762&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ggaitskell: /* Estructura y Función */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;diff=1762&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-11-20T08:58:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Estructura y Función&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;es&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisión anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisión del 08:58 20 nov 2011&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l29&quot; &gt;Línea 29:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Línea 29:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[image: X-section through hoof.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Una sección por un casco tipico.  ©Rachael Wallace2008]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[image: X-section through hoof.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Una sección por un casco tipico.  ©Rachael Wallace2008]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[image: Plantar hoof aspect.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Un vista del aspecto solar de un casco equino. Se ve la dermis debajo de la pared.  ©Rachael Wallace2008]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[image: Plantar hoof aspect.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Un vista del aspecto solar de un casco equino. Se ve la dermis debajo de la pared.  ©Rachael Wallace2008]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;As outlined above&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the equine hoof can be divided into three topographical regions&lt;/del&gt;; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wall&lt;/del&gt;''', &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frog&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sole&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The '''wall''' forms the &lt;/del&gt;medial, lateral &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;dorsal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aspect of the hoof and it can be further divided into the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;toe&lt;/del&gt;''', '''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;quarters&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;heels&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;At the heel the walls reflect back on themselves at a point called the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;angles&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and in doing so forms the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bars&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The bars&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although moving cranially, gradually fade along the edge of the frog and never actually meet&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frog&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sits between the bars and has an apex facing distally&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with 2 crura flanking a &lt;/del&gt;central &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sulcus&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Between the crus and bar of each half of the sole lies the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;collateral sulcus&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Opposite the apex&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the frog expands forming the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bulbs of the heel&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sole&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is the area distal to the bars and apex of the frog enclosed by the hoof wall&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The area where the bars and wall enclose it is known as the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;angle of the sole&lt;/del&gt;'''.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Como hemos señalado anteriormente&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;el casco de los équidos se puede dividir en tres regiones topográficas&lt;/ins&gt;; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;la &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pared&lt;/ins&gt;''', &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;la &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ranilla&lt;/ins&gt;''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y la &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;suela&lt;/ins&gt;'''. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La pared constituye las caras &lt;/ins&gt;medial, lateral &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y &lt;/ins&gt;dorsal &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;del casco, y puede dividirse en &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;punta&lt;/ins&gt;''', '''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cuartillas&lt;/ins&gt;''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y la &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cuña&lt;/ins&gt;'''. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; En el talón, las inclinan sobre sí mismas, formando los &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ángulos&lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, y las &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;barras&lt;/ins&gt;''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;o porciones inflexas&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Las barras&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aunque se desplazan cranealmente y llegan hasta la ranilla pero no llegan a contactar&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ranilla&lt;/ins&gt;''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;se encuentra entre las barras y presenta, un vértice de la cuña dirigido dorsalmente&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y dos pilares cuneales (lateral y medial) que delimitan el surco &lt;/ins&gt;central. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Entre el pilar y la barra de cada lado de la suela, encontramos un &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;surco paracuneal&lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, por tanto, encontraremos uno lateral y otro medial&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;En el extremo contrario al vértice, encontramos una expansión de la ranilla&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;que forma los &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bulbos de la cuña&lt;/ins&gt;'''. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;suela&lt;/ins&gt;''' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;es el área dorsal a las barras y al vértice de la ranilla, cubierto por la pared córnea&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El área donde las barras y la pared se encuentran se denomina &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ángulo de la suela&lt;/ins&gt;'''.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;dermis &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of the &lt;/del&gt;distal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;phalanx is arranged in hundreds of leaves or &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;laminae&lt;/del&gt;''', &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each of which has microscopic &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;secondary laminae&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The coronary region has a germinative layer associated with papillae that is responsible for producing the horn tubules that make up the hoof wall&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;This wall glides distally at &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rate of &lt;/del&gt;5-6mm &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a month and by forming epidermal laminae itself it interdigitates with the underlying dermal laminae&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Neither of these laminae are pigmented so when the epidermal laminae appear on the solar surface&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a non-pigmented region known as the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;white line&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;appears&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The white line is used as important landmark in farriery as structures &lt;/del&gt;central &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to the line will be dermal and so &lt;/del&gt;vascular &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and sensitive&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La &lt;/ins&gt;dermis &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de la falange &lt;/ins&gt;distal &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;se dispone en cientos de &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;láminas&lt;/ins&gt;''', &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;teniendo cada una de ellas &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;láminas secundarias&lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, de visualización microscópica&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La región coronaria tiene una capa germinal, asociada con las papilas, que es responsable de la producción de los túbulos córneos, que formarán la pared córnea&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Esta pared se desliza distalmente, &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;una velocidad de &lt;/ins&gt;5-6mm &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;por mes, formando láminas epidérmicas que se interdigital con las láminas dérmicas adyacentes&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ninguna de dichas láminas está pigmentada, así pues, cuando la lámina epidérmica aparece en la superficie solear&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;podemos apreciar una &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;línea blanca&lt;/ins&gt;'''. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dicha línea blanca se usa como marca, ya que el área &lt;/ins&gt;central &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a ésta es &lt;/ins&gt;vascular &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y muy sensible&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;dermis &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in the frog is also arranged in papillae and produces incompletely keratinised flexuous horn tubules resulting in a soft&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;elastic horn&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The hypodermis of the region of the frog forms the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;digital cushion&lt;/del&gt;'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;This lies between the ungual cartilages and is collagenous&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;elastic tissue infiltrated by adipose tissue. At the bulbs of the heel&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;it is subcutaneous and is soft and loose in texture&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The sole area also has papillae that produces superficially flakey horn&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The coronary part of the wall is surrounded by a bony prominence called the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;periople&lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. This soft&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lightly coloured area is restricted to this &lt;/del&gt;proximal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;area and is produced by the germative layer covering the papillae&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The rest of the hoof is covered by the &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tectorial layer&lt;/del&gt;''', &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;this is a very thin layer of horn that is covered distally by the growth of the horn&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La &lt;/ins&gt;dermis &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de la ranilla también arranca en la papila y produce túbulos córneos de queratinización incompleta&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;por lo que resulta un tejido córneo elástico y blando&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La región hipodérmica de la ranilla forma la &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;almohadilla ungular&lt;/ins&gt;'''. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ésta se encuentra entre los cartílagos ungulares&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y es un tejido de colágeno, elástico&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;infiltrado de tejido adiposo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El área solear también tiene papilas que producen tejido córneo superficial&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La parte coronal de la pared se encuentra rodeada por una prominencia llamada &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;limbo&lt;/ins&gt;''', &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;que es un área blanda, ligeramente coloreada y &lt;/ins&gt;proximal. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Se produce en las capas germinales que cubren las papilas. El resto del casco está cubierto de una &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;capa tectoria&lt;/ins&gt;''', &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;que es una capa muy fina de tejido corneal, cubierta distalmente con el crecimiento del casco&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;A well-trimmed foot should weight bear on its walls&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bars and frog&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;This occurs as the weight applied to the &lt;/del&gt;distal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;phalanx is then transferred across the interdigitating laminae to the hoof wall&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Thus an injury resulting in damage to the laminae is of extreme importance to the horse&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Un casco con buen aplomo debería llevar el peso en la pared&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;las barras y la ranilla&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Esto ocurre cuando el peso descansa en la falange &lt;/ins&gt;distal&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, y se transfiere a través de las láminas interdigitales de la pared. Si se produce una lesión en esta zona, es siempre de diagnóstico grave&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Para más información consultar falanges equinas, y laminitis&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;See &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Equine Phalanges &lt;/del&gt;- Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;equine phalages&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for further detail&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Para más información consultar &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Falanges Equinas &lt;/ins&gt;- Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;falanges equinas&lt;/ins&gt;]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ruminant Hoof&lt;/del&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Pezuña de Rumiantes&lt;/ins&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The ruminant hoof&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although resembling the equine hoof in some characteristics&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;differs from the equine hoof in several ways&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In the ruminant hoof there are two separate main digits and the wall of the hoof is bent to form a border&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Also the bulb of the heel covers the entire &lt;/del&gt;caudal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;surface of the hoof and most of the plantar surface&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;leaving only a small area of sole &lt;/del&gt;visible. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In ruminants the interdigitating lamellae are smaller and less well developed than in equids&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;La pezuña del rumiante&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aunque se parece a la de los équidos en algunas características&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;difieren en muchas otras&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;En los rumiantes encontramos dos dedos separados, y la pared córnea se dobla para formar un borde dorsal&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Asimismo el bulbo de la cuña cubre toda la superficie &lt;/ins&gt;caudal &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de la pezuña&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y gran parte de la superficie solear, dejando sólo un pequeño área de suela &lt;/ins&gt;visible. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;En rumiantes las láminas interdigitales son más pequeñas y menos desarrolladas que en équidos&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The hooves of the main digits curve medially towards each other&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;lateral &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;digit carries more weight than the &lt;/del&gt;medial &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;digit&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and is larger&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;On the &lt;/del&gt;abaxial &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wall&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;distal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;border makes contact with the ground along its entire length, whereas&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;on the &lt;/del&gt;axial &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wall, only does so toward the toe&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; The thickness of the wall increases towards the apex and the &lt;/del&gt;plantar &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;surface&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The horn of the hoof generally grows at &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rate of &lt;/del&gt;5 mm &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;per month, and in cattle allowed to move freely, growth should equal wear&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In intensively kept cattle, growth exceeds wear&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and foot trimming is required to maintain optimal shape and angle&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The optimal angle of the toe from the ground is &lt;/del&gt;50 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;degrees&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Where horn overgrowth occurs&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the coffin joint is gradually overextended and the deep &lt;/del&gt;flexor &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tendon tensed&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;This results in greater weight being placed over the &lt;/del&gt;caudal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;part of the hoof and can cause pain and lameness&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Las pezuñas de ambos dedos se curvan medialmente&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El dedo &lt;/ins&gt;lateral &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;acarrea con más peso que el &lt;/ins&gt;medial, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y por ello es más grande&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;En la pared &lt;/ins&gt;abaxial, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;el borde &lt;/ins&gt;distal &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hace contacto con el suelo a lo largo de toda su superficie&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;mientras que en la pared &lt;/ins&gt;axial &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;sólo contacta con el suelo a través del punta&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El grosor de la pared aumenta hacia el vértice y la superficie &lt;/ins&gt;plantar. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El estuche córneo crece &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;una velocidad de &lt;/ins&gt;5 mm &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;por mes&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;En animales de producción intensiva&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;el crecimiento es excesivo para el desgaste y se requiere realizar cortes para mantener la forma adecuada&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El ángulo óptimo del dedo hasta el suelo es de &lt;/ins&gt;50 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;grados&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;En situaciones de sobrecrecimiento&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;la articulación se sobreextiende y el tendón &lt;/ins&gt;flexor &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;profundo se tensa&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Esto lleva a una sobrecarga de peso en la zona &lt;/ins&gt;caudal &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y puede causar dolor&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dewclaws&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;are present in most ruminants but do not make contact with the ground&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;They consist of wall and bulb and have no practical importance&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Podemos encontrar &lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pezuñas secundarias&lt;/ins&gt;'''&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, de poca importancia pues no contactan con el suelo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Están formadas de una pared y un bulbo de la cuña&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;See the &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Bovine Lower Limb &lt;/del&gt;- Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bovine lower limb&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for further detail&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Para mayor detalle consultar la página de parte &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Miembro Bovino Inferior &lt;/ins&gt;- Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;distal del miembro bovino&lt;/ins&gt;]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Porcine Hoof&lt;/del&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Pezuña en Porcino&lt;/ins&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Pig cracked hooves.JPG|thumb|right|150px|&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Pig Hooves and a cracked hoof wall&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Pig cracked hooves.JPG|thumb|right|150px|&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Pezuñas de un cerdo con la pared rota&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The hooves of pigs are principally similar to those of ruminants&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;however the wall is straight, not bent medially at the toe, and they have a soft bulb that is well distanced from the wall and sole&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The hooves of the accessory digits are of the same structure as the principal digits&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;but only bear weight on soft ground&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Las pezuñas en porcino son muy similares a las de rumiantes. Aunque la pared es recta y no se dobla medialmente&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;y tienen un bulbo de la cuña blando que se distancia de la pared y del suelo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Las pezuñas de los dedos accesorios son de la misma estructura que las principales&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pero sólo llevan peso en suelo blando&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hoof trimming in pigs is rarely required due to the short lifespan of the farmed pig&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;El corte de pezuñas en porcino es raro debido a su corto ciclo de producción&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Learning&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Learning&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ggaitskell</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;diff=1761&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ggaitskell: Página creada con '==Introducción== La pezuña se define, desde un punto de vista fisiológico, como la piel modificada que cubre el órgano digital, y las estructuras relacionadas. Aporta protec...'</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://es.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Casco_-_Anatom%C3%ADa_%26_Fisiolog%C3%ADa&amp;diff=1761&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-11-17T20:17:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Página creada con &amp;#039;==Introducción== La pezuña se define, desde un punto de vista fisiológico, como la piel modificada que cubre el órgano digital, y las estructuras relacionadas. Aporta protec...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Página nueva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Introducción==&lt;br /&gt;
La pezuña se define, desde un punto de vista fisiológico, como la piel modificada que cubre el órgano digital, y las estructuras relacionadas. Aporta protección al órgano digital y se forma por queratinización de la capa epitelial, y modificación de la dermis adyacente. La queratina de la [[Piel - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología#Epidermis|epidermis]], se engrosa y se cornifica, formando el [[Cuerno - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|corion]], que cubre el casco y es muy resistente a daño mecánico.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
El origen del casco o pezuña es como forma de protección de la falange distal, y se debe a modificaciones locales de la epidermis, [[Piel - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología#Dermis|dermis]] y capas subcutáneas. Hay una gran variación interespecífica en la forma de las diferentes pezuñas de nuestras especies domésticas. En algunas especies se ha especializado en escavar o en usarse como defensa, mientras que en otras se ha adaptado a mejorar la carrera y la locomoción. También actúa como amortiguador de golpes, reduciendo el impacto de la falange distal. También se piensa que la naturaleza elástica del tejido facilita el retorno de la sangre al corazón.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Las Cinco Regiones de la Pezuña o Casco==&lt;br /&gt;
===Región Parietal (Pared)===&lt;br /&gt;
La pared del estuche córneo es el elemento visible externamente. Es más ancha en la cara dorsal y más fina lateral y medialmente (alrededor de las cuartillas). En la mayoría de las especies domésticas tiene un grosor aproximado de 5-10 mm, y se divide en tres capas. Una '''capa externa''' de poco grosor pero densa, que es brillante y evita la evaporación y deshidratación de las otras capas. Una '''capa intermedia''', que representa la estructura principal del corion, y está formada por material córneo amorfo y túbulos de material córneo. Por último, la '''capa interna laminar''', donde encontramos láminas interdigitales de material córneo y láminas dérmicas que anclan el casco a la falange distal. La unión entre el corion y la dermis, es móvil y permite que la pared se deslice en dirección distal, para realizar el contacto con el suelo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Región Perióplica (Limbo)===&lt;br /&gt;
Es una pequeña capa de tejido blando, que se encuentra sobre la superficie proximal de la pared. El limbo representa la unión entre la pared y la piel, y es responsable de la producción de la capa externa de la pared. Se extiende alrededor del eje proximal de la pared y, en équidos, cubre el bulbo y parte de la ranilla. En rumiantes forma parte de la unión entre ambas pezuñas y el pie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Región Coronal (Corona)===&lt;br /&gt;
Se encarga de producir la pared de la pezuña, que crece en dirección distal desde la dermis coronal. Está repleta de papilas que se proyectan hacia el suelo en dirección del crecimiento. La epidermis que las cubre produce túbulos de material córneo en un entramado con material córneo amorfo intertubular, formado por los espacios entre la dermis coronal. Esto garantiza un casco fuerte y resistente.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La pigmentación de la pezuña o casco, se lleva a cabo por melanocitos, presentes en la epidermis coronal. Cualquier pigmentación será más pronunciada en la parte externa, donde encontramos más melanocitos. Podemos hallar una zona libre de pigmentación llamada la línea blanca en la suela, muy importante en caballos como marca para herrarlo correctamente. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Región Solear (Suela)===&lt;br /&gt;
La suela representa la parte del pie que contacta con la suela, y su composición difiere entre especies. La queratina que encontramos en la suela se forma a partir de la epidermis que se encuentra bajo la tercera falange, y puede crecer hasta un grosor de 10mm en las especies domésticas. Aunque se desgasta más fácilmente que la queratina que encontramos en la región dorsal. En équidos la suela tiene una ranilla central, mientras que en rumiantes y en porcino encontramos un bulbo en la suela.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ranilla y Bulbo===&lt;br /&gt;
La cuña córnea o ranilla de los équidos, se forma a partir de queratina de la misma manera que la suela, y asimismo la queratina es más flexible que la que encontramos en el estuche córneo. La ranilla asegura que la pared del casco se fuerce hacia afuera cuando el animal apoya su peso en ella, asegurando un buen apoyo y una buena circulación hacia el corazón. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La cuña de rumiantes y porcino permite el contacto caudalmente con el suelo, y mejora el apoyo y el soporte del peso del animal. Se inserta en el borde central de la suela, con forma de V, y está formada por material flexible y relativamente blando, de gran grosor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Estructura y Función==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Casco de Équidos===&lt;br /&gt;
[[image: X-section through hoof.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Una sección por un casco tipico.  ©Rachael Wallace2008]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[image: Plantar hoof aspect.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Un vista del aspecto solar de un casco equino. Se ve la dermis debajo de la pared.  ©Rachael Wallace2008]]&lt;br /&gt;
As outlined above, the equine hoof can be divided into three topographical regions; the '''wall''', the '''frog''' and the '''sole'''. The '''wall''' forms the medial, lateral and dorsal aspect of the hoof and it can be further divided into the '''toe''', '''quarters''' and '''heels'''. At the heel the walls reflect back on themselves at a point called the '''angles''' and in doing so forms the '''bars'''. The bars, although moving cranially, gradually fade along the edge of the frog and never actually meet. The '''frog''' sits between the bars and has an apex facing distally, with 2 crura flanking a central sulcus. Between the crus and bar of each half of the sole lies the '''collateral sulcus'''. Opposite the apex, the frog expands forming the '''bulbs of the heel'''. The '''sole''' is the area distal to the bars and apex of the frog enclosed by the hoof wall. The area where the bars and wall enclose it is known as the '''angle of the sole'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dermis of the distal phalanx is arranged in hundreds of leaves or '''laminae''', each of which has microscopic '''secondary laminae'''. The coronary region has a germinative layer associated with papillae that is responsible for producing the horn tubules that make up the hoof wall. This wall glides distally at a rate of 5-6mm a month and by forming epidermal laminae itself it interdigitates with the underlying dermal laminae. Neither of these laminae are pigmented so when the epidermal laminae appear on the solar surface, a non-pigmented region known as the '''white line''' appears. The white line is used as important landmark in farriery as structures central to the line will be dermal and so vascular and sensitive. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dermis in the frog is also arranged in papillae and produces incompletely keratinised flexuous horn tubules resulting in a soft, elastic horn. The hypodermis of the region of the frog forms the '''digital cushion'''. This lies between the ungual cartilages and is collagenous, elastic tissue infiltrated by adipose tissue. At the bulbs of the heel, it is subcutaneous and is soft and loose in texture. The sole area also has papillae that produces superficially flakey horn. The coronary part of the wall is surrounded by a bony prominence called the '''periople'''. This soft, lightly coloured area is restricted to this proximal area and is produced by the germative layer covering the papillae. The rest of the hoof is covered by the '''tectorial layer''', this is a very thin layer of horn that is covered distally by the growth of the horn.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A well-trimmed foot should weight bear on its walls, bars and frog. This occurs as the weight applied to the distal phalanx is then transferred across the interdigitating laminae to the hoof wall. Thus an injury resulting in damage to the laminae is of extreme importance to the horse. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See [[Equine Phalanges - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|equine phalages]] for further detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ruminant Hoof===&lt;br /&gt;
The ruminant hoof, although resembling the equine hoof in some characteristics, differs from the equine hoof in several ways. In the ruminant hoof there are two separate main digits and the wall of the hoof is bent to form a border. Also the bulb of the heel covers the entire caudal surface of the hoof and most of the plantar surface, leaving only a small area of sole visible. In ruminants the interdigitating lamellae are smaller and less well developed than in equids.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The hooves of the main digits curve medially towards each other. The lateral digit carries more weight than the medial digit, and is larger. On the abaxial wall, the distal border makes contact with the ground along its entire length, whereas, on the axial wall, only does so toward the toe.  The thickness of the wall increases towards the apex and the plantar surface. The horn of the hoof generally grows at a rate of 5 mm per month, and in cattle allowed to move freely, growth should equal wear. In intensively kept cattle, growth exceeds wear, and foot trimming is required to maintain optimal shape and angle. The optimal angle of the toe from the ground is 50 degrees. Where horn overgrowth occurs, the coffin joint is gradually overextended and the deep flexor tendon tensed. This results in greater weight being placed over the caudal part of the hoof and can cause pain and lameness.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dewclaws''' are present in most ruminants but do not make contact with the ground. They consist of wall and bulb and have no practical importance. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Bovine Lower Limb - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología|bovine lower limb]] for further detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Porcine Hoof===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pig cracked hooves.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Pig Hooves and a cracked hoof wall]]&lt;br /&gt;
The hooves of pigs are principally similar to those of ruminants, however the wall is straight, not bent medially at the toe, and they have a soft bulb that is well distanced from the wall and sole. The hooves of the accessory digits are of the same structure as the principal digits, but only bear weight on soft ground.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoof trimming in pigs is rarely required due to the short lifespan of the farmed pig.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Learning&lt;br /&gt;
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2005/20053192986.pdf ''' The growth and adaptive capabilities of the hoof wall and sole: functional changes in response to stress.''' Bowker, R. M.; American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), Lexington, USA, Proceedings of the 49th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 21-25 November 2003, 2003, pp 146-168, 32 ref.]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2005/20053192988.pdf  '''Contrasting structural morphologies of &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;bad&amp;quot; footed horses.''' Bowker, R. M.; American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), Lexington, USA, Proceedings of the 49th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 21-25 November 2003, 2003, pp 186-209, 73 ref.]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{review}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translated&lt;br /&gt;
|por = '[[Usuario:Fa vet|Fanny Olsson]]'&lt;br /&gt;
|date = 16.09.2011&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoría:Sistema Integumentario - Anatomía &amp;amp; Fisiología]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ggaitskell</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>