Cetosis Bovina - Historial de revisiones

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2012-06-03T07:47:33Z

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2012-03-20T12:01:20Z

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2012-03-09T17:35:41Z

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Also known as: '''''Acetonaemia — Ketonaemia

==Description==
A metabolic disease of adult dairy cattle which often occurs in association with metritis or another infectious disease process. The exact cause is unknown however the disease occurs when cows are in a negative energy balance and are rapidly mobilising adipose tissue. As a result blood levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are raised.

It normally affects cows during lactation however it can also occur in late gestation where it presents similarly to [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|pregnancy toxaemia]].

==Signalment==
Most commonly occurs in high yielding dairy cows a few weeks postpartum. Cows with a higher body condition score are more at risk.

==Clinical Signs==
Reduced feed intake is often the first clinical sign to be noted. Other signs include decreased milk yield, lethargy and an “empty” appearing abdomen. [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|Rumen]] motility is variable, but often hypoactive following reduced feed intake.
Rarely, cases present with central nervous system signs and include incoordination, aggression, excessive licking and chewing and occasionally bellowing.

Additionally ketosis produces a characteristic 'pear drop' (acetone) smell on the breath of affected cattle.

==Diagnosis==
Can often diagnose this condition on clinical signs combined with a history of concurrent disease.

===Laboratory Tests===
It is possible to test milk or urine on the farm for the presence of ketone bodies. These can be carried out using dipsticks which change colour in the presence of ketone bodies. False positives can occur with these tests and they should be used in conjunction with clinical signs suggestive of ketosis.

Additionally, serum concentrations of NEFAs will be high and glucose levels will be low.

==Treatment==
Treatment is aimed at restoring normal blood glucose levels.
A bolus of intravenous dextrose (50%) has been the treatment of choice for years. This often results in a quick recovery however animals may relapse.
Glucocorticoids also act to increase blood glucose but tend to have longer acting effects and can be given intramuscularly once daily.

Propylene glycol can be administered orally and it acts as a precursor to glucose. This can be administered twice daily.

==Prevention and Control==
The control and prevention of ketosis cases depends on adequate feeding and management practices. Firstly the nutrition of the cows must be addressed. Cows should be encouraged to eat and maintain a high feed intake in the late gestation and transition period to avoid entering a negative energy balance state. Three weeks prior to parturition feed intake typically decreases and cows should be monitored to prevent this from happening. Cows should be offered high quality concentrate with enough digestible fibre to maintain good rumen health.

Additionally cows should not be of a high body condition score when they calve as these cows mobilise more adipose tissue and are at a greater risk of ketosis.

==Prognosis==
If clinical signs are recognised early and cases are treated correctly the prognosis is good.

See also: '''[[Ketosis]]'''

{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Cattle Medicine Q&A 01]]
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%28title%3A%28ketosis%29+OR+title%3A%28acetonaemia%29+OR+title%3A%28acetonemia%29+OR+title%3A%28ketonaemia%29+OR+title%3A%28ketonemia%29%29+AND+od%3A%28cattle%29&occuring1=freetext&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=38&y=11 Ketosis in cattle publications since 2000]
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2006/20063124752.pdf '''Treatment of clinical ketosis.''' Duffield, T.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Large animal. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 20, Orlando, Florida, USA, 7-11 January, 2006, 2006, pp 17-20, 7 ref.]
}}

==References==
Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) '''Bovine Medicine''' (Second edition), ''Blackwell Publishing''

Merck & Co (2008)''' The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial ''

{{review}}
[[Categoría:Alimentary Diseases - Cattle]][[Categoría:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]]
[[Categoría:Ángel Abuelo]]

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 12:01 20 mar 2012
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−	~~Also known as~~: '''''Cetonemia	+	También conocido como: '''''Cetonemia

	==Descripción==		==Descripción==

@@ Línea 50: / Línea 50: @@
 {{review}}
-[[Categoría:Alimentary Diseases - Cattle]][[Categoría:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]]
 [[Categoría:Ángel Abuelo]]

@@ Línea 1: / Línea 1: @@
-Also known as: '''''Acetonaemia — Ketonaemia
+Also known as: '''''Cetonemia
-==Description==
+==Descripción==
-A metabolic disease of adult dairy cattle which often occurs in association with metritis or another infectious disease process. The exact cause is unknown however the disease occurs when cows are in a negative energy balance and are rapidly mobilising adipose tissue. As a result blood levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are raised.
+Se trata de una enfermedad metabólica del ganado vacuno lechero adulto que tiene lugar frecuentemente asociada a metritis u otro proceso infeccioso. La causa exacta es desconocida aunque se presenta cuando las vacas se encuentran en un estado de balance energético negativo y se encuentran movilizando tejido adiposo. Como resultado de esto se elevan los niveles de ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE, más conocidos por el acrónimo anglosajón NEFA).
-It normally affects cows during lactation however it can also occur in late gestation where it presents similarly to [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|pregnancy toxaemia]].
+Lo más frecuente es que aparezca en vacas de producción láctea elevada unas pocas semanas después del parto y aquellas que se tienen un índice de masa corporal mayor tienen más riesgo de padecer esta enfermedad.
-==Signalment==
+==Signos Clínicos==
-Most commonly occurs in high yielding dairy cows a few weeks postpartum. Cows with a higher body condition score are more at risk.
+El primer signo clínico que los ganaderos suelen notar es la dosminución del apetito. Otros signos incluyen la disminución de la producción láctea, letargia, y un lethargy and an rumen aparentemente "vacío". La motilidad del rumen es variable, pero normalmente se encuentra reducida a consecuencia de la disminución en la ingesta.
-==Clinical Signs==
+A mayores, la cetosis produce un olor característico a "manzanas podridas" (a consecuencia de la acetona presente) en el aliento de los animales afectados.
-Additionally ketosis produces a characteristic 'pear drop' (acetone) smell on the breath of affected cattle.
+==Diagnóstico==
-==Diagnosis==
+===Pruebas de laboratorio===
-Can often diagnose this condition on clinical signs combined with a history of concurrent disease.
+A nivel de campo se pueden determinar la presencia de cuerpos cetónicos en leche u orina. Esta determinación puede llevarse a cabo empleando tiras reactivas que cambian de color en la presencia de cuerpos cetónicos. Dado que empleando estas pruebas pueden aparecer falsos positivos, para realizar el disgnóstico correctamente estas técnicas se deben emplear en conjunto con la presencia de signos clínicos sugestivos de cetosis.
-===Laboratory Tests===
+A mayores, también se pueden determinar en suero los niveles de NEFA y ß-hidroxibutirato (BHB), que se encuentran habitualmente altos a consecuencia del excesivo balance energético negativo. Existen también en la actualidad en el mercado unos dispositivos portátiles que permiten determinar los niveles de BHB con sólo una gota de sangre.
-Additionally, serum concentrations of NEFAs will be high and glucose levels will be low.
+==Tratamiento==
-==Treatment==
+Los glucocorticoides también actúan incrementando la glucemia y tienden a tener un efecto más duradero. Su administración se puede realizar de forma intramuscular una vez al día. Si bien hay que tener presente que la administración de glucocorticoides produce una disminución de la producción láctea.
-Propylene glycol can be administered orally and it acts as a precursor to glucose. This can be administered twice daily.
+Otra opción es la administración de precursores de la glucosa por vía oral, como [http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propilenglicol propilenglicol], que puede administrarse dos veces al día.
-==Prevention and Control==
+==Prevención y Control==
-The control and prevention of ketosis cases depends on adequate feeding and management practices. Firstly the nutrition of the cows must be addressed.  Cows should be encouraged to eat and maintain a high feed intake in the late gestation and transition period to avoid entering a negative energy balance state. Three weeks prior to parturition feed intake typically decreases and cows should be monitored to prevent this from happening. Cows should be offered high quality concentrate with enough digestible fibre to maintain good rumen health.
+El control y la prevención de la cetosis bovina depende fundamentalmente de adecuadas prácticas de alimentación y manejo. En primer lugar, la nutrición de los animales debe ser revisada, de forma que se intente minimizar el estado de balance energético negativo. Frecuentemente, la capacidad de ingesta disminuye en las 3 semanas preparto y en este momento los animales deben ser monitorizados para evitar que esto ocurra y en esta fase se debe proporcionar a los animales un concentrado de calidad con suficiente fibra digestible para mantener la salud ruminal.
-Additionally cows should not be of a high body condition score when they calve as these cows mobilise more adipose tissue and are at a greater risk of ketosis.
+Las vacas no deben llegar al parto con una elevada condición corporal, ya que los animales en esta situación mobilizan una mayor cantidad de tejido adiposo y se encuentran por tanto en un amyor riesgo de padecer cetosis.
-==Prognosis==
+==Prognótico==
-If clinical signs are recognised early and cases are treated correctly the prognosis is good.
+El prognóstico de los animales es bueno si los signos clínicos se reconocen de forma temprana y se establece un tratamiento.
 {{Learning