Coronavirus Bovino - Historial de revisiones

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2012-06-21T07:46:35Z

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2012-06-02T09:18:03Z

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2012-06-01T16:55:35Z

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2012-05-07T08:26:06Z

Ggaitskell en 19:31 23 abr 2012

2012-04-23T19:31:06Z

Ggaitskell: /* Control */

2012-04-23T19:28:58Z

Control

Ggaitskell: /* Tratamiento */

2012-04-23T19:27:21Z

Tratamiento

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2012-04-23T19:12:32Z

Ggaitskell en 13:19 22 mar 2012

2012-03-22T13:19:38Z

Ggaitskell: Página creada con «También conocida como: '''''Diarrea Vírica Bovina - Disentería de Invierno Bovina - Enteritis coronavírica de Terneros - La diarrea - Disentería de Invierno — BC...»

2012-03-22T12:51:34Z

Página creada con «También conocida como: '''''Diarrea Vírica Bovina - Disentería de Invierno Bovina - Enteritis coronavírica de Terneros - La diarrea - Disentería de Invierno — BC...»

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También conocida como: '''''Diarrea Vírica Bovina - Disentería de Invierno Bovina - Enteritis coronavírica de Terneros - La diarrea - [[Disentería de Invierno]] — BCV'''''

== Introducción ==
Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is as a '''[[Viruses|viral]] cause of calf enteritis'''. The virus infects the '''enteric and/or upper respiratory tract''' of calves and contributes to '''[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]'''. It is also the cause of '''[[Winter Dysentery]]''' in adult housed cattle.

== Distribution ==
Bovine coronavirus has been found in cattle '''worldwide'''.

Wild ruminants are also infected with the virus. Even though other [[Coronaviridae|coronaviruses]], it is an accepted rule that a coronavirus isolated from any species is named after that host.

The primary routes of entry for bovine coronavirus are via the '''faecal-oral route''' or the nasal cavity (Clark, 1993). Adult cattle are carriers and excrete the virus at low levels; however, during parturition, cows shed higher titres of the virus.

The incidence of BCV varies in different parts of the world but published and annual reports indicate that BCV causes 15-30% of all calf enteritis cases.<ref>Langpap, T. J., Bergeland, M. E., Reed, D. E (1979) '''Coronalviral enteritis of young calves: Virologic and pathologic findings in naturally occurring infections'''.'' Am. J. Vet. Res''., 40:1476-1478</ref> Incidence may be underestimated because many laboratories around the world are not equipped with BCV antigen detection methods.

== Signalment ==
Calves '''1-week to 3-months-old''' are usually infected.

This condition affects cattle and zebu worldwide and can also affect wild ruminants such as deer.

In cattle where the disease causes '''[[Winter Dysentery]]''', this occurs in '''autumn and winter when the cattle are housed.'''

In '''adult''' animals, the disease is usually '''sub-clinical''', and the virus may be excreted intermittently at low levels.<ref> Schoenthaler, S. L., Kapil, S (1999) '''Development and applications of a bovine coronavirus antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.''' ''Clinical & Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology'', 6(1):130-132; 13</ref>.

== Clinical Signs ==
Clinical signs include '''[[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]], sometimes with haematochezia or melaena''', rumen atony, anorexia or a reduced appetite, weight loss or reduced weight gain, decreased milk yield and dehydration and depression.

Respiratory signs may include '''serous nasal discharge, progressing to purulent''' if secondary bacterial infection is present, coughing, dyspnoea and tachypnoea.

== Diagnosis ==
History, signalment and clinical signs can be indicative of the disease.

Distinguishing between different BCV isolates with '''monoclonal antibodies''' is difficult. Most BCV isolates and wild ruminant strains can be distinguished on the basis of a '''haemagglutination inhibition test''' using mouse erythrocytes.

Enteric BCV infections generally are diagnosed by examination of '''faecal samples or intestinal contents by electron microscopy (EM) or [[ELISA testing|ELISA]].'''

No diagnostic tools are available for cow-side testing or in-office testing for veterinarians. When sending samples to diagnostic services it is important to include at least '''five sections from different parts of the gut, including the spiral colon''' because this is the common site of virus persistence<ref> Kapil, S., Goyal, S. M., Trent, A. M (1994) '''Cellular immune status of coronavirus-infected neonatal calves'''. ''Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases'', 17(2):133-138; 16</ref> <ref>Kapil, S., Trent, A. M., Goyal, S. M (1994) '''Antibody responses in spiral colon, ileum, and jejunum of bovine coronavirus-infected neonatal calves.''' ''Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases'', 17(2):139-149; 13</ref>

In respiratory disease, the viral antigen can easily be demonstrated in washed nasal epithelial cells by '''direct [[Immunofluorescence|fluorescent antibody test]]'''. Demonstrating the antigen in the lower respiratory tract is difficult.

Serological tests, such as '''indirect fluorescent antibody''', are used to monitor the presence of antibody in colostrum, serum, and intestinal contents. However, these are not yet commercially available.

== Treatment ==
Treatment of BCV is generally '''symptomatic.''' Fluid therapy is given orally or intravenously. Astringents also are used to control diarrhoea. Additional feeding of fortified colostrum may be useful in preventing the clinical disease in newborn calves.<ref> Murakami, T., Hirano, N., Inoue, A., Tsuchiya, K., Chitose, K., Ono, K., Yanagihara, T (1986) '''Prevention of calf diarrhea with an immunoglobulin diet in beef herds.''' ''Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science'', 48(5):879-885; 19</ref>

== Control ==
A '''dam vaccine''' is available as a control measure for this disease. This should be given '''mid-late gestation''' to increased the number of BCV antibodies in the dams' colostrum. At birth, the calf must drink this colostrum for the vaccine to have been of any effect.

General husbandry measures such as ensuring good hygiene and ventilation in calving pens is important.

{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Bovine Coronavirus Flashcards]]
}}

== References ==
<references/>
Clark, M. A (1993) '''Bovine coronavirus'''. Brit Vet J, 149(1):51-70;

Daginakatte, G. C., Chard-Bergstrom, C., Andrews, G. A., Sanjay, Kapil (1999) '''Production, characterization, and uses of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant nucleoprotein of elk coronavirus'''. ''Clinical & Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology'', 6(3):341-344; 15.

Heckert, R. A., Saif, L. J., Myers, G. W., Agnes, A. G (1991) '''Epidemiologic factors and isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and mucosal secretions of dairy calves with bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections'''. ''American J Vet Research'', 52(6):845-851; 44.

Kapil, S., Pomeroy, K. A., Goyal, S. M., Trent, A. M (1991) '''Experimental infection with a virulent pneumoenteric isolate of bovine coronavirus'''. ''J Vet Diagnostic Investigation'', 3(1):88-89; 6.

Majhdi, F., Minocha, H. C., Kapil, S (1997) '''Isolation and characterization of a coronavirus from elk calves with diarrhea.''''' Journal of Clinical Microbiology'', 35(11):2937-2942; 19.

Mebus, C. A., Stair, E. L., Rhodes, M. B., Twiehaus, M. J (1973) '''Pathology of neonatal calf diarrhoea induced by a coronavirus-like agent'''. ''Vet Pathol.'' 10:45-64.

Saif, L. J (1990) '''A review of evidence implicating bovine coronavirus in the aetiology of winter dysentery in cows: an enigma resolved?''''' Cornell Vet,'' 80(4):303-311; 32.

Zhang, Z., Andrews, G. A., Chard-Bergstrom, C., Minocha, H. C., Kapil, S (1997) '''Application of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for detection of bovine coronavirus in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed intestines'''.'' J Clinical Microbiology,'' 35(11):2964-2965; 11.

{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91724&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 bovine coronavirus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91704&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 bovine coronavirus infection]
|date = 03 April 2011
}}
<br><br><br>

{{review}}
[[Categoría:Coronaviridae]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cattle]]
[[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ganado Bovino]][[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ovejas]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:Nick L]]

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 07:46 21 jun 2012
Línea 48:		Línea 48:
	Las medidas generales de cría tales como asegurar una buena higiene y ventilación en los corrales de los terneros son muy importantes.		Las medidas generales de cría tales como asegurar una buena higiene y ventilación en los corrales de los terneros son muy importantes.

−
−	~~{{Learning~~
−	~~\|flashcards = [[Flashcards - Coronavirus Bovino]]~~
−	}}

	== References ==		== References ==

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 09:18 2 jun 2012
Línea 85:		Línea 85:

	[[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ganado Bovino]][[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ovejas]]		[[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ganado Bovino]][[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ovejas]]
−	[[~~Category~~:CABI ~~Expert Review~~]]	+	[[Categoría:Artículos CABI]]

@@ Línea 41: / Línea 41: @@
 == Tratamiento ==
-Treatment of BCV is generally '''symptomatic.''' Fluid therapy is given orally or intravenously. Astringents also are used to control diarrhoea. Additional feeding of fortified colostrum may be useful in preventing the clinical disease in newborn calves.<ref> Murakami, T., Hirano, N., Inoue, A., Tsuchiya, K., Chitose, K., Ono, K., Yanagihara, T (1986) '''Prevention of calf diarrhea with an immunoglobulin diet in beef herds.''' ''Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science'', 48(5):879-885; 19</ref>
+El tratamiento del BCV es generalmente '''sintomático'''. La terapia de fluidos es administrada vía oral o intravenosa. También se utilizan astringentes para controlar la diarrea. La alimentación suplementaria con calostro enriquecido puede ser útil en la prevención de la enfermedad clínica en los terneros recién nacidos. <ref> Murakami, T., Hirano, N., Inoue, A., Tsuchiya, K., Chitose, K., Ono, K., Yanagihara, T (1986) '''Prevention of calf diarrhea with an immunoglobulin diet in beef herds.''' ''Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science'', 48(5):879-885; 19</ref>
 == Control ==

@@ Línea 7: / Línea 7: @@
 El coronavirus bovino tiene una distribución '''mundial'''.
-Wild ruminants are also infected with the virus. Even though other [[Coronaviridae|coronaviruses]], it is an accepted rule that a coronavirus isolated from any species is named after that host.
+Los rumiantes silvestres también pueden sufrir infecciones de este virus. Aunque existen otros [[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]], es una norma aceptada que un coronavirus aislado en cualquier especie es nombrado con el nombre de ese hospedador.
-The primary routes of entry for bovine coronavirus are via the '''faecal-oral route''' or the nasal cavity (Clark, 1993). Adult cattle are carriers and excrete the virus at low levels; however, during parturition, cows shed higher titres of the virus.
+Las principales vías de contagio del coronavirus son la '''fecal-oral''' o a través de la cavidad nasal (respiratoria) (Clark, 1993). Los bovinos adultos son portadores y excretan el virus en niveles bajos, sin embargo, durante el parto, las vacas eliminan mayores títulos del virus.
-The incidence of BCV varies in different parts of the world but published and annual reports indicate that BCV causes 15-30% of all calf enteritis cases.<ref>Langpap, T. J., Bergeland, M. E., Reed, D. E (1979) '''Coronalviral enteritis of young calves: Virologic and pathologic findings in naturally occurring infections'''.'' Am. J. Vet. Res''., 40:1476-1478</ref> Incidence may be underestimated because many laboratories around the world are not equipped with BCV antigen detection methods.
+La incidencia del BCV varía en diferentes partes del mundo, pero los informes anuales publicados del BCV indican que causan el 15-30% de todos los casos de enteritis en terneros. <ref>Langpap, T. J., Bergeland, M. E., Reed, D. E (1979) '''Coronalviral enteritis of young calves: Virologic and pathologic findings in naturally occurring infections'''.'' Am. J. Vet. Res''., 40:1476-1478</ref> Sin embargo, la incidencia puede estar subestimada porque muchos laboratorios alrededor del mundo no están equipados con métodos de detección del antígeno del BCV.
-== Signalment ==
+== Características ==
-Calves '''1-week to 3-months-old''' are usually infected.
+Los terneros de '''1 semana a 3 meses''' de edad suelen ser susceptibles.
-This condition affects cattle and zebu worldwide and can also affect wild ruminants such as deer.
+Esta condición afecta al ganado vacuno y cebú en todo el mundo y también puede afectar a rumiantes salvajes como el ciervo.
-In cattle where the disease causes '''[[Winter Dysentery]]''', this occurs in '''autumn and winter when the cattle are housed.'''
+En el ganado vacuno, donde la enfermedad causa la '''[[Disentería de Invierno]]''', tiene lugar en '''otoño e invierno cuando el ganado se encuentra hacinado'''.
-In '''adult''' animals, the disease is usually '''sub-clinical''', and the virus may be excreted intermittently at low levels.<ref> Schoenthaler, S. L., Kapil, S (1999) '''Development and applications of a bovine coronavirus antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.''' ''Clinical & Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology'', 6(1):130-132; 13</ref>.
+En los animales '''adultos''', la enfermedad suele ser '''subclínica''', y el virus puede ser excretado de forma intermitente a niveles bajos. <ref> Schoenthaler, S. L., Kapil, S (1999) '''Development and applications of a bovine coronavirus antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.''' ''Clinical & Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology'', 6(1):130-132; 13</ref>.
-== Clinical Signs ==
+== Signos Clínicos ==
-Clinical signs include '''[[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]], sometimes with haematochezia or melaena''', rumen atony, anorexia or a reduced appetite, weight loss or reduced weight gain, decreased milk yield and dehydration and depression.
+Los signos clínicos incluyen '''[[Diarrea|diarrea]], a veces con hematoquecia o melena''', atonía ruminal, anorexia o falta de apetito, pérdida de peso o reducción de la ganancia de peso, disminución de la producción de leche, deshidratación y depresión.
-Respiratory signs may include '''serous nasal discharge, progressing to purulent''' if secondary bacterial infection is present, coughing, dyspnoea and tachypnoea.
+Los signos respiratorios pueden incluir '''descarga nasal serosa, progresando a purulenta''' si se presenta una infección bacteriana secundaria, tos, disnea y taquipnea
-== Diagnosis ==
+== Diagnóstico ==
-History, signalment and clinical signs can be indicative of the disease.
+La anamnesis, los signos y síntomas clínicos pueden orientarnos hacia el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.
-Distinguishing between different BCV isolates with '''monoclonal antibodies''' is difficult. Most BCV isolates and wild ruminant strains can be distinguished on the basis of a '''haemagglutination inhibition test''' using mouse erythrocytes.
+Es difícil distinguir entre diferentes cepas del BCV con '''anticuerpos monoclonales'''. La mayoría de BCV aislados y las cepas de rumiantes silvestres pueden diferenciarse realizando un '''test de inhibición de la hemaglutinación''' con eritrocitos de ratón.
-Enteric BCV infections generally are diagnosed by examination of '''faecal samples or intestinal contents by electron microscopy (EM) or [[ELISA testing|ELISA]].'''
+Las infecciones entérica ocasionadas por BCV generalmente se diagnostican mediante un '''examen de muestras fecales o contenido intestinal''' por microscopía electrónica (ME) o [[ELISA]].
-No diagnostic tools are available for cow-side testing or in-office testing for veterinarians. When sending samples to diagnostic services it is important to include at least '''five sections from different parts of the gut, including the spiral colon''' because this is the common site of virus persistence<ref> Kapil, S., Goyal, S. M., Trent, A. M (1994) '''Cellular immune status of coronavirus-infected neonatal calves'''. ''Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases'', 17(2):133-138; 16</ref> <ref>Kapil, S., Trent, A. M., Goyal, S. M (1994) '''Antibody responses in spiral colon, ileum, and jejunum of bovine coronavirus-infected neonatal calves.''' ''Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases'', 17(2):139-149; 13</ref>
+No  hay herramientas de diagnóstico disponibles para realizar pruebas de campo en vacuno o en laboratorio de veterinarios. Cuando se envían muestras a los centros de diagnóstico, es importante incluir al menos '''cinco secciones de diferentes partes del intestino, incluyendo el colon espiral''', porque éste es el lugar usual donde persiste el virus <ref> Kapil, S., Goyal, S. M., Trent, A. M (1994) '''Cellular immune status of coronavirus-infected neonatal calves'''. ''Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases'', 17(2):133-138; 16</ref> <ref>Kapil, S., Trent, A. M., Goyal, S. M (1994) '''Antibody responses in spiral colon, ileum, and jejunum of bovine coronavirus-infected neonatal calves.''' ''Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases'', 17(2):139-149; 13</ref>.
-In respiratory disease, the viral antigen can easily be demonstrated in washed nasal epithelial cells by '''direct [[Immunofluorescence|fluorescent antibody test]]'''. Demonstrating the antigen in the lower respiratory tract is difficult.
+En la enfermedad de las vías respiratorias, el antígeno viral se puede encontrar fácilmente en las células epiteliales nasales lavadas a través de una '''[[Inmunofluorescencia|prueba de fluorescencia directa de anticuerpos]]'''. Demostrar la presencia del antígeno en las vías respiratorias profundas es difícil.
-Serological tests, such as '''indirect fluorescent antibody''', are used to monitor the presence of antibody in colostrum, serum, and intestinal contents. However, these are not yet commercially available.
+Las pruebas serológicas, como la '''inmunofluorescencia indirecta''', se utilizan para monitorizar la presencia de anticuerpos en el calostro, suero, y el contenido intestinal. Sin embargo, estos métodos aún no están disponibles en el mercado.
-== Treatment ==
+== Tratamiento ==
 Treatment of BCV is generally '''symptomatic.''' Fluid therapy is given orally or intravenously. Astringents also are used to control diarrhoea. Additional feeding of fortified colostrum may be useful in preventing the clinical disease in newborn calves.<ref> Murakami, T., Hirano, N., Inoue, A., Tsuchiya, K., Chitose, K., Ono, K., Yanagihara, T (1986) '''Prevention of calf diarrhea with an immunoglobulin diet in beef herds.''' ''Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science'', 48(5):879-885; 19</ref>

@@ Línea 83: / Línea 83: @@
 |date = 20.02.2012
 }}
-[[Categoría:Coronaviridae]]
 [[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ganado Bovino]][[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ovejas]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

@@ Línea 44: / Línea 44: @@
 == Control ==
-A '''dam vaccine''' is available as a control measure for this disease. This should be given '''mid-late gestation''' to increased the number of BCV antibodies in the dams' colostrum. At birth, the calf must drink this colostrum for the vaccine to have been of any effect.
+Existe una '''vacuna para hembras gestantes''' como medida de control para esta enfermedad. Se debe administrar en la '''segunda mitad de la gestación''' para incrementar la cantidad de anticuerpos ante BCV en el calostro de las hembras. Al nacer, el ternero debe ingerir el calostro para que la vacuna ejerza su efecto.
 {{Learning
-|flashcards = [[Bovine Coronavirus Flashcards]]
+|flashcards = [[Flashcards - Coronavirus Bovino]]
 }}
 == References ==

@@ Línea 2: / Línea 2: @@
 == Introducción ==
-Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is as a '''[[Viruses|viral]] cause of calf enteritis'''. The virus infects the '''enteric and/or upper respiratory tract''' of calves and contributes to '''[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]'''. It is also the cause of '''[[Winter Dysentery]]''' in adult housed cattle.
+El coronavirus bovino (BCV) es una de las etiologías de origen '''[[Viruses|vírico]] de enteritis en los terneros'''. El virus infecta el '''tracto entérico y/o las vías respiratorias superiores''' de los terneros y predispone a la '''[[Neumonía Enzoótica - Terneros|neumonía enzoótica de los terneros]]'''. También es responsable de la '''[[Disentería de Invierno]]''' en bovinos adultos hacinados.
-== Distribution ==
+== Distribución ==
-Bovine coronavirus has been found in cattle '''worldwide'''.
+El coronavirus bovino tiene una distribución '''mundial'''.
 Wild ruminants are also infected with the virus. Even though other [[Coronaviridae|coronaviruses]], it is an accepted rule that a coronavirus isolated from any species is named after that host.