Enfermedad de la Columna - Historial de revisiones

Ggaitskell en 08:37 25 abr 2012

2012-04-25T08:37:54Z

Ggaitskell en 08:16 2 oct 2011

2011-10-02T08:16:25Z

Ggaitskell en 17:32 1 oct 2011

2011-10-01T17:32:04Z

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2011-08-31T17:50:42Z

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{{Taxobox
|name = ''Flavobacterium columnare''
|kingdom = Bacteria
|sub-kingdom =
|phylum = Bacteroidetes
|super-class =
|class = [[:Category:Flavobacteria|Flavobacteria]]
|sub-class =
|super-order =
|order = Flavobacteriales
|sub-order =
|super-family =
|family = Flavobacteriaceae
|sub-family =
|genus = Flavobacterium
|species = ''F. columnare''
}}
Causado por: '''''Flavobacterium columnare'''''

Conocido previamente como: ''Bacillus columnaris — Chondrococcus columnaris — Cytophaga columnaris — Flexibacter columnaris''

==Introdución==
[[File:Columnaris disease.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Enfermedad de la Columna in the gills of a Chinook salmon. Wikimedia Commons]]

''F. columnare'' es una [[Bacterias|bacteria]] '''gram-negativa, aerobic, rod shaped''' responsable por la '''Enfermedad de la Columna''' en peces.<ref> Bernardet, J. F., Segers, P., Vancanneyt, M., Berthe, F., Kersters, K., Vandamme, P (1996) '''Cutting a gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978)'''. ''International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology'', 46:128-148</ref>

Este enfermedad no es zoonótica.

==Distribución==
Mundial. The organism is '''ubiquitous''' in aquatic freshwater environments.

==Peces Susceptibles==
A huge range of fish hosts can be infected including the '''trout and salmon family, eels, goldfish, Siamese fighting fish, catfish and bass species'''. Cultured fish, free ranging fish and aquarium fish can all be affected although cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern. It is not recognised as a problem in wild fish populations.

Columnaris disease can occur in cool and warm water fish, but is '''most prevalent in air temperatures above 12-14⁰C'''.

Skin abrasions, husbandry stressors and warm water all increase the risk and prevalence of infection.

==Signos Clínicos==
The skin and fins of infected fish may '''darken or lighten in colour and circular yellow-grey opalescent necrotic patches or erosions are visible on the skin and/or gills'''. The gill filaments may have '''whitish spots on their tips'''. '''Mucus''' often also accumulates on the gills, head and dorsal regions. In advanced disease, erythematous spots are widespread. Inappetance and lethargy are common, as are mortalities. Gill lesions cause respiratory distress and its associated clinical signs – gulping air, sinking, erratic behaviour etc. Morbidity can approach 100% and mortalities are highest in younger fish.

In '''catfish''' specifically, severe tissue necrosis develops into '''“saddleback” lesions''' on the dorsum.

==Diagnóstico==
Bacteria can be isolated from '''gills, skin and sometimes internal organs''', particularly the kidneys.

The pathogen can then be cultured on '''reduced nutrient agar''', such as cytophaga agar. Culture is often more successful by '''inhibiting contaminant growth''' on the agar by adding neomycin or polymyxin B. The bacterium will also grow at '''37⁰C''' which will inhibit most other pathogens of interest so can be used as an inhibitory factor. Colonies are '''small, 3-4mm in diameter''' and grow within 24h. They are '''characteristically and uniquely rhizoid in structure and pale yellow in colour''', and adhere to the agar surface. They '''stain pink when exposed to potassium hydroxide'''. This pathognomic culture finding can be used as a definitive diagnosis for columnaris disease, especially where clinical signs are present.

Phenotypic tests can then be carried out on colonies if in any doubt.

'''Microscopy of wet tissue mounts from gill or skin scrapings often reveals haystacks or columns of bacteria'''. Cells can also form chains, giving the impression of a longer, single prokaryotic cell.

==Tratamiento==
'''Potassium permanganate''', copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide can be applied externally to adult fish and fry but can be toxic at high concentrations.

'''Terramycin''' can also be added to feed for adults, fry or broodstock, but resistance is emerging.

'''Vacunas''' can also be given in the face of an outbreak.

==Control==
A vaccine is available against ''F. columnare'', consisting of formalin killed whole cells.

{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Columnaris Disease Flashcards]]
}}

==Referencias==
<references/>
Starliper, C.E. and Schill, W.B. 2011. '''Flavobacterial Diseases: Coldwater Disease, Columnaris Disease, and Bacterial Gill Diseases'''. In: '''Fish Diseases and Disorders Volume 3''': Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections, 2nd. Edition (eds. P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno), ''CABI'', Wallingford, UK, pp. 606-631
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=87918 columnaris disease] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=82792&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Flavobacterium columnare'']
|date =11 July 2011
}}
<br><br>

{{Patrick Woo
|date = 24 de Agosto del 2011
}}

[[Categoría:Enfermedades de Peces]]
[[Categoría:CABI Expert Review Completed]]

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 08:37 25 abr 2012
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	[[Categoría:Enfermedades de Peces]]		[[Categoría:Enfermedades de Peces]]
−	[[Categoría:CABI ~~Expert Review Completed~~]]	+	[[Categoría:Artículos CABI]]

@@ Línea 23: / Línea 23: @@
 [[File:Columnaris disease.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Enfermedad de la Columna in the gills of a Chinook salmon. Wikimedia Commons]]
-''F. columnare'' es una [[Bacterias|bacteria]] '''gram-negativa, aerobic, rod shaped''' responsable por la '''Enfermedad de la Columna''' en peces.<ref> Bernardet, J. F., Segers, P., Vancanneyt, M., Berthe, F., Kersters, K., Vandamme, P (1996) '''Cutting a gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978)'''. ''International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology'', 46:128-148</ref>
+''F. columnare'' es una [[Bacterias|bacteria]] '''gram-negativa, aeróbica, con forma de barra''' responsable por la '''Enfermedad de la Columna''' en peces.<ref> Bernardet, J. F., Segers, P., Vancanneyt, M., Berthe, F., Kersters, K., Vandamme, P (1996) '''Cutting a gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978)'''. ''International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology'', 46:128-148</ref>
 Este enfermedad no es zoonótica.
 ==Distribución==
-Mundial. The organism is '''ubiquitous''' in aquatic freshwater environments.
+Mundial. El organismo es '''ubicuo''' en ambientes acuáticos de agua dulce.
 ==Peces Susceptibles==
-A huge range of fish hosts can be infected including the '''trout and salmon family, eels, goldfish, Siamese fighting fish, catfish and bass species'''. Cultured fish, free ranging fish and aquarium fish can all be affected although cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern. It is not recognised as a problem in wild fish populations.
+Una amplia gama de peces huéspedes pueden ser infectados, incluyendo la '''trucha y la familia de los salmones, anguilas, la carpa dorada, peces siameses de lucha, el bagre y las especies de percha'''. Peces cultivados, los peces en libertad y los peces de acuario pueden ser afectados a pesar de los peces cultivados criados en estanques o canales son la principal preocupación. No se reconoce como un problema en las poblaciones de peces silvestres.
-Columnaris disease can occur in cool and warm water fish, but is '''most prevalent in air temperatures above 12-14⁰C'''.
+La enfermedad de la columna puede ocurrir en los peces de agua fría y caliente, pero es más frecuente en las temperaturas del aire por encima de los 12 a los 14⁰C.
-Skin abrasions, husbandry stressors and warm water all increase the risk and prevalence of infection.
+Abrasiones en la piel, los factores de estrés y agua caliente todos aumentan el riesgo y la prevalencia de la infección.
 ==Signos Clínicos==
@@ Línea 59: / Línea 59: @@
 ==Control==
-A vaccine is available against ''F. columnare'', consisting of formalin killed whole cells.
+Existe una vacuna contra la ''F. columnare'', que consiste en de células enteras matadas en formol.
 ==Referencias==