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| − | ==Introduction==
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| − | Eructation is the release of gases from the stomach through the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]. Carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and other volatile products are produced in the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] through the fermentation of food by microorganisms and most of these gases are then released through eructation.
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| − | Not all of the carbon dioxide produced in the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] is released through eructation. Some of the gas is absorbed directly over the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] wall. If gas release does not occur, or gas elimination does not equal gas production, a condition called [[Bloat|bloat]] will arise.
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| − | ==Process==
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| − | [[Image:Diagram of eructation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Diagram of Eructation - Copyright RVC 2008]]
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| − | The process of eructation includes [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|ruminal contractions]] (no reticular contribution). Before eructation can occur the cardia must be cleared of liquid ingesta, as the cardia is reflexly closed on contact with the liquid [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] contents. Contractions start in the ventral sac and spread to the dorsal sac. Contractions spread caudally to cranially over the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]. Ruminal gas is forced towards the cranial cardiac area where it is aspirated into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]. The gases are moved orally by an antiperistaltic wave passing through the relaxed '''pharyngoesophageal sphincter''' into the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]. Some of the eructated gas passes to the lungs, whilst the rest is released from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]].
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| − | ==Gas Volume==
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| − | In the dairy cow, 0.5-1 L of gas is produced per minute in the '''ruminoreticulum'''. The exact amount of gas absorbed into the blood and lymph is unknown, but the majority is eliminated by eructation.
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| − | [[Category:Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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