Diferencia entre revisiones de «Organo de Esmalte»

Revisión del 10:35 10 may 2011

Anatomía del Organo de Esmalte

Histología del Organo de Esmalte - Copyright RVC 2008

Capas del Organo de Esmalte - Copyright RVC 2008

Fibras Thomes' - Copywright RVC 2008

The main components which form the enamel organ are:

Outer epithelium
Stellate reticulum- star shaped cells lying between the outer and inner epithelial layers. It has the appearance of connective tissue but is of epithelial derivation.
Inner epithelium which becomes the enamel secreting ameloblasto layer

Componentes

The enamel organ has many different components. These consist of:

Corona

The crown is covered by enamel. It meets the root at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).

The crown of incisors have only one cusp. The crown of molars have up to 4 cusps for the grinding of food.

Raíz

Teeth may have one or more roots. The furcation angle is the point where roots diverge. The root ends in an apex which is where the nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics travel to the pulpa dental. Hypsodont teeth can have open roots (aradicular) e.g. in rabbits which have continued growth. Hypsodont teeth can have closed roots (radicular) e.g. horse where growth decreases with age. Brachydont teeth have no capacity for growth and so the roots are closed.

Diferencias Entre las Especies

The apex has a single foramen in dogs and cats. It remains open in herbivores. In the horse, the apex closes as the animal ages. Brachiocephalic dogs often have fused roots. Equine incisors have fused roots. In the horse's canines, the size of the root is much larger than the corona.

Hueso Alveolar

The alveolar processes of the jaw consists of the hueso alveolar, trabecular bone and compact bone.

The densest bone called the cribiform plate lines the alveolus. This appears white on radiographs and is referred to as the lamina dura.

Lamina Dura

The lamina dura lines the hueso alveolar. If uninterrupted, it indicates good dental health.

The lamina dura is seen as a white line radiographically.

Esmalte

Enamel has an ectodermal origin. It is synthesised by ameloblastos. It is very hard, densly calcified and acellular, therefore cannot regenerate.

Complicated enamel folding occurs in teeth where the coronas are high. Enamel forming secretions pass through processes of apical cytoplasmic extension called Thomes' Fibres.

Dentina

Dentine is a calcified, collagen rich matrix. It is synthesised by odontoblastos.

Secondary dentine is produced throughout life and increases with rate of repair. It is darker in colour than primary dentine.

Cemento

Cementum is synthesised by cementoblastos. It is calcified tissue and lacks regular organisation. Collagen fibres extend from the cementum into the ligamento periodontal to fasten the tooth in its socket. Cementum is relatively immune to pressure erosion, therefore the tooth can be be romedelled in its socket.

Pulpa Dental

Pulp fills the dental cavity. It is a delicate connective tissue bordering the odontoblasto layer. It is highly vascularised and contains a lymphatic plexus.

Pulp allows pain sensation to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimulants. Most of the nervous supply is sensory, with some vasomotor input.

Ligamento Periodontal

The collagen fibre bundles are called Sharpey's fibres. The fibres insert into the hueso alveolar and cemento of the tooth.

There are 3 categories: gingival, trans-septal and alveolodental. There are evenly distributed blood vessels and nerve fibres transmitting thermal, pain and pressure sensation. Some species can also sense proprioception in the periodontal ligament.

Main Cells

Histología de Ameloblasto - Copywright RVC 2008

Ameloblastos

Ameloblasts are cells in the enamel organ which forms the tooth. They secrete esmalte.

Epithelial cells line the inner surface of the enamel organ. Ameloblasts are derived from epithelium and form a single layer of very long columnar cells that are hexagonal in cross section. They have elongated, basally sited nuclei. They synthesise esmalte which forms the corona of each tooth. They maintain connections with the newly synthesised esmalte through cellular projections called Thomes' fibres.

Esmalte is acellular so once the connection with the ameloblasts via the Thomes' fibres is lost (upon eruption), the esmalte matrix cannot be remodelled.

Odontoblastos

The odontoblasts are cells in the enamel organ which forms the tooth. They secrete dentina.

Odontoblasts are derived from mesenchyme and are composed of a single layer of elongated columnar cells. They are at the dental-pulp border. They secrete dentina which is a mineralised matrix of collagen I, dentina and proteins.

The first layer of dentina is formed on the enamel organ. As production increases, the odontoblasts are displaced from the esmalte. It is a major part of the tooth structure and is produced continually by the odontoblasts. The rate of dentina synthesis is increased during repair as it is innervated (but still acellular).

Cementoblastos

Cementoblasts are cells in the esmalte organ which forms the tooth. They secrete cemento.

Epithelial cells are present near the distal end of the cup. They become follicle cells. Cementoblasts synthesise cemento which mostly contains collagen I.

Cemento surrounds the dentina of the raíz. Cemento is acellular and not readily absorbed.

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Dientes y Gingiva - Flashcards

@@ Línea 3: / Línea 3: @@
 [[Image:Enamel Organ Layers.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Capas del Organo de Esmalte - Copyright RVC 2008]]
 [[Image:Thomes' Fibres Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Fibras Thomes' - Copywright RVC 2008]]
-Los componentes principales que forman el órgano del esmalte son:
+The main components which form the enamel organ are:
-*'''Epitelio externo'''
+*'''Outer epithelium'''
-*'''Retículo estrellado'''- células en forma de estrellas que extienden entre las capas epiteliales interior y exterior. Tiene la apariencia del tejido conectivo, pero es de origen epitelial.
+*'''Stellate reticulum'''- star shaped cells lying between the outer and inner epithelial layers. It has the appearance of connective tissue but is of epithelial derivation.
-*'''Epitelio interno''' convierte en la capa de [[Organo de Esmalte#Ameloblastos|ameloblastos]] que secretan esmalte
+*'''Inner epithelium''' which becomes the enamel secreting [[Organo de Esmalte#Ameloblastos|ameloblasto]] layer
 ==Componentes==
-El órgano del esmalte tiene muchos componentes diferentes. Estos consisten de:
+The enamel organ has many different components. These consist of:
 ===Corona===
-La '''corona''' está cubierta por el esmalte. Se reúne a la raíz en la '''unión cemento-esmalte'''.
+The '''crown''' is covered by enamel. It meets the root at the '''cemento-enamel junction''' (CEJ).
-La corona de los incisivos tienen una sola '''cúspide'''. La corona de los molares tienen hasta cuatro cúspides para la trituración de los alimentos.
+The crown of incisors have only one '''cusp'''. The crown of molars have up to 4 cusps for the grinding of food.
 ===Raíz===
-Los dientes pueden tener una o más raíces. El ángulo de bifurcación es el punto donde las raíces se separan. La raíz termina en una punta que es donde los nervios, vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos viajar a la [[Organo de Esmalte#Pulpa Dental|pulpa dental]]. Dientes '''hipsodontos''' pueden tener raíces abiertos (aradicular) por ejemplo, en conejos que tienen crecimiento continuoso.Dientes hipsodontos pueden tener tambíen raíces cerradas (radicular) por ejemplo, en caballos cuando el crecimiento disminuye con la edad. Dientes '''brachidontos''' no tienen capacidad de crecimiento y las raíces están cerrados.
+Teeth may have one or more roots. The furcation angle is the point where roots diverge. The root ends in an apex which is where the nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics travel to the [[Organo de Esmalte#Pulpa Dental|pulpa dental]]. '''Hypsodont''' teeth can have open roots (aradicular) e.g. in rabbits which have continued growth. Hypsodont teeth can have closed roots (radicular) e.g. horse where growth decreases with age. '''Brachydont''' teeth have no capacity for growth and so the roots are closed.
 '''Diferencias Entre las Especies'''
-El ápice tiene un único agujero en perros y gatos. Queda abierta en los herbívoros. En el caballo, el ápice se cierra con el envejecimiento del animal. Perros braquiocefálicos a menudo tienen raíces fusionadas. Incisivos equinos tienen las raíces fusionados. En los caninos del caballo, el tamaño de la raíz es mucho más grande que la [[Organo de Esmalte#Corona|corona]].
+The apex has a single foramen in dogs and cats. It remains open in herbivores. In the horse, the apex closes as the animal ages. Brachiocephalic dogs often have fused roots. Equine incisors have fused roots. In the horse's canines, the size of the root is much larger than the [[Organo de Esmalte#Corona|corona]].
 ===Hueso Alveolar===
@@ Línea 26: / Línea 26: @@
 The densest bone called the '''cribiform plate''' lines the alveolus. This appears white on radiographs and is referred to as the '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Lamina Dura|lamina dura]]'''.
-Los procesos alveolares de los maxilares consiste en el hueso alveolar , hueso trabecular y hueso compacto .
-La más densa del hueso llamada placa cribiforme líneas de los alvéolos. Esto aparece en blanco en las radiografías y se le conoce como la lámina dura .
 ===Lamina Dura===
-La '''lámina dura''' reviste el [[Organo de Esmalte#Hueso Alveolar|hueso alveolar]]. Si esta ininterrumpido, indica una buena salud dental.
+The '''lamina dura''' lines the [[Organo de Esmalte#Hueso Alveolar|hueso alveolar]]. If uninterrupted, it indicates good dental health.
-La '''lámina dura''' se ve como una línea blanca radiográficamente.
+The '''lamina dura''' is seen as a white line radiographically.
 ===Esmalte===
-El esmalte tiene un origen '''ectodérmica'''. Esta sintetizada por [[Organo de Esmalte#Ameloblastos|ameloblastos]]. Esta muy duro, '''acelular''' y densamente calcificado, y por lo tanto no puede regenerarse.
+Enamel has an '''ectodermal''' origin. It is synthesised by [[Organo de Esmalte#Ameloblastos|ameloblastos]]. It is very hard, densly calcified and '''acellular''', therefore cannot regenerate.
-Un plegamiento complicado del esmalte ocurre en los dientes cuando las '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Corona|coronas]]''' son altos. la formación de Secreciones para formar el esmalte pasan a través de procesos de extensión citoplasmática apical llamado '''Fibras Thomes'''.
+Complicated enamel folding occurs in teeth where the '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Corona|coronas]]''' are high. Enamel forming secretions pass through processes of apical cytoplasmic extension called '''Thomes' Fibres'''.
 ===Dentina===
-'''Dentina''' una matriz calcificado rico en colágeno. Esta sintetizada por los '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Odontoblastos|odontoblastos]]'''.
+'''Dentine''' is a calcified, collagen rich matrix. It is synthesised by '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Odontoblastos|odontoblastos]]'''.
-La '''dentina secundaria''' se produce durante toda la vida y aumenta con la velocidad de reparación. Es de un color más oscuro que la '''dentina primaria'''.
+'''Secondary dentine''' is produced throughout life and increases with rate of repair. It is darker in colour than '''primary dentine'''.
 ===Cemento===
-El '''cemento'' es sintetizado por ''[[Organo de Esmalte#Cementoblastos|cementoblastos]]'''. Es un tejido calcificado y carece de una organización regular. Las fibras de colágeno se extienden desde el cemento al '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Ligamento Periodontal|ligamento periodontal]]''' para fijar el diente en su alvéolo. El '''cemento''' es relativamente inmune a la erosión de la presión, por lo tanto el diente puede ser romedelado en su cavidad.
+'''Cementum''' is synthesised by '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Cementoblastos|cementoblastos]]'''. It is calcified tissue and lacks regular organisation. Collagen fibres extend from the cementum into the '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Ligamento Periodontal|ligamento periodontal]]''' to fasten the tooth in its socket. '''Cementum''' is relatively immune to pressure erosion, therefore the tooth can be be romedelled in its socket.
 ===Pulpa Dental===
-La pulpa dental llena la cavidad dental. Se trata de un tejido delicado que bordea la capa de [[Organo de Esmalte#Odontoblastos|odontoblastos]]. Esta altamente vascularizada y contiene un plexo linfático.
+Pulp fills the dental cavity. It is a delicate connective tissue bordering the [[Organo de Esmalte#Odontoblastos|odontoblasto]] layer. It is highly vascularised and contains a lymphatic plexus.
-La pulpa dental permite la sensación de dolor a los estimulantes térmicas, mecánicas y químicas. La mayor parte de la inervación es sensorial, con alguna entrada vasomotores.
+Pulp allows pain sensation to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimulants. Most of the nervous supply is sensory, with some vasomotor input.
 ===Ligamento Periodontal===
-Los haces de fibras de colágeno se llaman de las '''fibras de Sharpey'''. Las fibras insertan en el [[Organo de Esmalte#Hueso alveolar|hueso alveolar]] y el [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]] del diente.
+The collagen fibre bundles are called '''Sharpey's fibres'''. The fibres insert into the [[Organo de Esmalte#Hueso alveolar|hueso alveolar]] and [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]] of the tooth.
-Hay 3 categorías: gingival, trans-septal y alveolodental. Hay vasos sanguíneos y fibras nerviosas distribuidos uniformemente que transmiten el dolor y la sensación térmica y de presión. Algunas especies también pueden sentir la propiocepción en el ligamento periodontal.
+There are 3 categories: gingival, trans-septal and alveolodental. There are evenly distributed blood vessels and nerve fibres transmitting thermal, pain and pressure sensation. Some species can also sense proprioception in the periodontal ligament.
-==Células==
+==Main Cells==
 [[Image:Ameloblast Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histología de Ameloblasto - Copywright RVC 2008]]
 ===Ameloblastos===
-'''Ameloblastos''' son las células en el organo del esmalta que forman el diente. Secretan el '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]'''.
+'''Ameloblasts''' are cells in the enamel organ which forms the tooth. They secrete '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]'''.
-Células epiteliales revisten la superficie interna del órgano del esmalte. '''Ameloblastos''' se derivan del epitelio y forman una sola capa de células columnares muy largos que son hexagonales en sección transversal. Tienen núcleos alargados, situado  basales. Sintetizan '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' que forma la '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Corona|corona]]''' de cada diente. Mantienen conexiones con la nueva síntesis del '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' a través de proyecciones celulares llamadas '''fibras Thomes'''.
+Epithelial cells line the inner surface of the enamel organ. '''Ameloblasts''' are derived from epithelium and form a single layer of very long columnar cells that are hexagonal in cross section. They have elongated, basally sited nuclei. They synthesise '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' which forms the '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Corona|corona]]''' of each tooth. They maintain connections with the newly synthesised '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' through cellular projections called '''Thomes' fibres'''.
-El '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' es acelular entonces una vez que la conexión con los ameloblastos a través de la '''fibras Thomes''' se pierde (en erupción), el [[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]] de la matriz no puede ser remodelado.
+'''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|Esmalte]]''' is acellular so once the connection with the ameloblasts via the '''Thomes' fibres''' is lost (upon eruption), the [[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]] matrix cannot be remodelled.
 ===Odontoblastos===
-Los '''odontoblastos''' son células en el '''órgano del esmalte''', que forma el diente. Segregan la '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]'''.
+The '''odontoblasts''' are cells in the '''enamel organ''' which forms the tooth. They secrete '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]'''.
-'''Odontoblastos''' se derivan del mesénquima y se componen de una sola capa de células columnares alargados. Están en el borde '''pulpa-dental'''. Segregan la '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]''', que es una matriz mineralizada del colágeno I, la '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]''' y las proteínas.
+'''Odontoblasts''' are derived from mesenchyme and are composed of a single layer of elongated columnar cells. They are at the '''dental-pulp border'''. They secrete '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]''' which is a mineralised matrix of collagen I, [[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]] and proteins.
-La primera capa de la [[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]] se forma en el órgano del esmalte. A medida que aumenta la producción, los odontoblastos son desplazados del [[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]. Es una parte importante de la estructura del diente y produce continuamente por los odontoblastos. La frecuencia de síntesis de [[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]] se incrementa durante la reparación, ya que está inervado (pero aún acelular).
+The first layer of [[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]] is formed on the enamel organ. As production increases, the odontoblasts are displaced from the [[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]. It is a major part of the tooth structure and is produced continually by the odontoblasts. The rate of [[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]] synthesis is increased during repair as it is innervated (but still acellular).
 ===Cementoblastos ===
-'''Cementoblastos''' son las células del órgano del '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' que forma el diente. Segregan '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]]'''.
+'''Cementoblasts''' are cells in the '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Esmalte|esmalte]]''' organ which forms the tooth. They secrete '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]]'''.
-Las células epiteliales se encuentran cerca del extremo distal de la copa. Se convierten en células foliculares. '''Cementoblastos''' sintetizan [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]] que en su mayoría contiene '''colágeno I'''.
+Epithelial cells are present near the distal end of the cup. They become follicle cells. '''Cementoblasts''' synthesise [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]] which mostly contains '''collagen I'''.
-El [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]] rodea la '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]''' de la [[Organo de Esmalte#Raíz|raíz]]. El [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|cemento]] es acelular y no se absorbe fácilmente.
+[[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|Cemento]] surrounds the '''[[Organo de Esmalte#Dentina|dentina]]''' of the [[Organo de Esmalte#Raíz|raíz]]. [[Organo de Esmalte#Cemento|Cemento]] is acellular and not readily absorbed.
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