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Cellulose exists in the cell walls of plants. Mammals are unable to digest cellulose due it's structure. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose where each glucose monomer is joined to the next by a '''β-1,4 glycosidic bond'''. Mammalian enzymes only have the capability to break '''α-1,4 glycosidic bonds''', which are seen in starch and glycogen.

Cellulose exists in the cell walls of plants. Mammals are unable to digest cellulose due it's structure. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose where each glucose monomer is joined to the next by a '''β-1,4 glycosidic bond'''. Mammalian enzymes only have the capability to break '''α-1,4 glycosidic bonds''', which are seen in starch and glycogen.

==Comparación con [[Ruminant Stomach - Anatomía & Fisiología|Fermentadores del Intestino Anterior]]==

==Comparación con [[Estómago de los Rumiantes - Anatomía & Fisiología|Fermentadores del Intestino Anterior]]==

Hindgut fermenters have an enlarged hindgut as opposed to foregut, as the [[Ruminant Stomach - Anatomía & Fisiología|ruminants]] do, for microbial fermentation to take place. Hindgut fermentation provides advantages and disadvantages.

Hindgut fermenters have an enlarged hindgut as opposed to foregut, as the [[Estómago de los Rumiantes - Anatomía & Fisiología|rumiantes]] do, for microbial fermentation to take place. Hindgut fermentation provides advantages and disadvantages.

'''Ventajas:'''

'''Ventajas:'''

Soluble carbohydrates, such as glycogen, are available to the animal before they are available to the microbes. Therefore the brain, which can only utilise glucose, receives a good, constant supply with relatively less time and energy utilised than in the ruminant. [[Ruminant Stomach - Anatomía & Fisiología|Foregut fermenters]] receive nearly all of their energy in the form of [[Volatile Fatty Acids|ácidos grasos volátiles]], which have to be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis in the liver to be able to be used by the brain.

Soluble carbohydrates, such as glycogen, are available to the animal before they are available to the microbes. Therefore the brain, which can only utilise glucose, receives a good, constant supply with relatively less time and energy utilised than in the ruminant. [[Estómago de los Rumiantes - Anatomía & Fisiología|Fermentadores del Intestino Anterior]] receive nearly all of their energy in the form of [[Acidos Grasos Volátiles|ácidos grasos volátiles]], which have to be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis in the liver to be able to be used by the brain.

'''Desventajas:'''     

'''Desventajas:'''     

Microbes in the foregut can convert non-proteinaceous sources of nitrogen, like ammonia and urea to all of the amino acids. Microbial protein is available to the ruminant when the microbes die and pass down into the [[Abomaso - Anatomía & Fisiología|abomaso]] and [[Intestino Delgado - Resumen - Anatomía & Fisiología|intestino delgado]]. Therefore ruminants can survive on a poor quality source of of nitrogen. Microbial protein is not available to hindgut fermenters because when the microbes in the [[Intestino Grueso - Anatomía & Fisiología|intestino grueso]] die, they get excreted as there is no further opportunity for their digestion. Microbes in the foregut synthesise vitamins, which are also available to the animal further on in the digestive tract. Again, they are not available to the hindgut fermenter. Microbes in the foregut can detoxify some poisonous compounds. Poisonous compounds can be digested and absorbed before they reach the microbes in the hindgut.

Microbes in the foregut can convert non-proteinaceous sources of nitrogen, like ammonia and urea to all of the amino acids. Microbial protein is available to the ruminant when the microbes die and pass down into the [[Abomaso - Anatomía & Fisiología|abomaso]] and [[Intestino Delgado - Resumen - Anatomía & Fisiología|intestino delgado]]. Therefore ruminants can survive on a poor quality source of of nitrogen. Microbial protein is not available to hindgut fermenters because when the microbes in the [[Intestino Grueso - Anatomía & Fisiología|intestino grueso]] die, they get excreted as there is no further opportunity for their digestion. Microbes in the foregut synthesise vitamins, which are also available to the animal further on in the digestive tract. Again, they are not available to the hindgut fermenter. Microbes in the foregut can detoxify some poisonous compounds. Poisonous compounds can be digested and absorbed before they reach the microbes in the hindgut.

==Enlaces==

==Enlaces==