Cambios

Caused By: '''''BHV-5 — Bovine Encephalitis Virus — Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''

Causado por: '''''BHV-5 — Bovine Encephalitis Virus — Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''

==Introduction==

==Introducción==

Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep.  

Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep.  

The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]]. Although BHV-1 can cause neurological signs, BHV-5 demonstrates increased neurotropism.

The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]]. Although BHV-1 can cause neurological signs, BHV-5 demonstrates increased neurotropism.

==Distribution==

==Distribución==

South America, USA, Australia, Germany and Hungary.

South America, USA, Australia, Germany and Hungary.

Young calves '''up to ten months old''' are most commonly affected. Nervous disease is usually acute.

Young calves '''up to ten months old''' are most commonly affected. Nervous disease is usually acute.

==Clinical Signs==

==Signos Clínicos==

BHV-5 causes '''tachycardia and tachypnoea with pyrexia, dyspnoea, mucoid nasal discharge, gasping and abnormal lung sounds'''. Infected animals often hypersalivate and abdominal pain may be observed.

BHV-5 causes '''tachycardia and tachypnoea with pyrexia, dyspnoea, mucoid nasal discharge, gasping and abnormal lung sounds'''. Infected animals often hypersalivate and abdominal pain may be observed.

Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the trigeminal ganglia of the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.

Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the trigeminal ganglia of the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnóstico==

'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining on formalin fixed brain tissue for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.  

'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining on formalin fixed brain tissue for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.  

On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.

On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.

==Treatment==

==Tratamiento==

There is no treatment for infected individuals.  

There is no treatment for infected individuals.  

No vaccination is available for BHV-5 but some '''cross-protection appears to be granted from some BHV-1 vaccines'''. This needs to be proven for each available vaccine.

No vaccination is available for BHV-5 but some '''cross-protection appears to be granted from some BHV-1 vaccines'''. This needs to be proven for each available vaccine.

==References==

 

==Referencias==

<references/>

<references/>

|date = 31 August 2011

|date = 31 August 2011

}}

}}

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Sheep]]

[[Categoría:CABI Expert Review Completed]] [[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ganado Bovino]][[Categoría:Enfermedades de Ovejas]]

[[Category:Nick Lyons reviewed]]