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Testículos y Epidídimo - Anatomía & Fisiología (ver código)
Revisión del 19:58 9 nov 2011
, 19:58 9 nov 2011→The Epididymis
The developing testes start off in the abdomen. They develop from somatic mesenchymal cells in the genital ridge found caudal to the developing kidneys, around the tenth [[Spinal_Column_- Anatomy & Physiology#Thoracic_Vertebrae|thoracic vertebra]]. The testes migrate caudally and retroperitoneally towards the inguinal canal and scrotum. This translocation of the testis is the result of growth and contraction of the gubernaculum aswell as the relative growth of associated viscera within the abdomen. The gubernaculum is a ligamentous structure extending from the site of the future scrotum, through the inguinal ring to the caudal testis. In the inguinal region the distal portion of the gubernaculum fuses with the covering peritoneum before its descent, forming the visceral and parietal vaginal tunics. These two layers of peritoneum cover the testes within the scrotum and are seperated by the vaginal cavity. Once the testes have descended into the scrotum the inguinal canal contracts behind them to keep them in place. The gubernaculum regresses and leaves behind remnants which can be found in the adult; the proper ligament of the testis and the ligament of the tail of the epididymis.
The developing testes start off in the abdomen. They develop from somatic mesenchymal cells in the genital ridge found caudal to the developing kidneys, around the tenth [[Spinal_Column_- Anatomy & Physiology#Thoracic_Vertebrae|thoracic vertebra]]. The testes migrate caudally and retroperitoneally towards the inguinal canal and scrotum. This translocation of the testis is the result of growth and contraction of the gubernaculum aswell as the relative growth of associated viscera within the abdomen. The gubernaculum is a ligamentous structure extending from the site of the future scrotum, through the inguinal ring to the caudal testis. In the inguinal region the distal portion of the gubernaculum fuses with the covering peritoneum before its descent, forming the visceral and parietal vaginal tunics. These two layers of peritoneum cover the testes within the scrotum and are seperated by the vaginal cavity. Once the testes have descended into the scrotum the inguinal canal contracts behind them to keep them in place. The gubernaculum regresses and leaves behind remnants which can be found in the adult; the proper ligament of the testis and the ligament of the tail of the epididymis.
=The Epididymis=
=Epidídimo=
==Introduction==
==Introducción==
El epidídimo proporciona el medio para la maduración de los espermatozoides. Es aquí donde adquieren motilidad y fertilidad. El conducto del epidídimo es muy largo, de entre 30 y 60 metros. Funcionalmente, se divide en 3 partes: la cabeza, el cuerpo y la cola. La cabeza del epidídimo está conectada a los diferentes conductos de los testículos. La cola conecta con el conducto deferente del cordón espermático.
==Structure & Function==
==Estructura y Función==
'''Caput (head)'''
'''Cabeza'''
*Fluid secreted in the rete tubules of the testes is reabsorbed here and epididymal fluid is secreted. This fluid secretion is important in order to facilitate movement of the sperm through the epididymis.
*El fluido secretado por la rete testis es reabsorbido aquí, y se secreta el fluido epididimal. Esta secreción es importante para facilitar el movimiento del esperma a través del epidídimo.
'''Corpus (body)'''
'''Cuerpo'''
*Nuclear chromatin condenses via the addition of di-sulphide bridges. This condensation stabilises the nuclear material and can be observed histologically as darker staining material.
*La cromatina nuclear se condensa por la adición de puentes disulfuro. Esta condensación estabiliza el material nuclear y se puede observar histológicamente como un material que se tiñe más oscuro
*Stabilising surface proteins are added to the sperm membranes.
*Se añaden proteínas estabilizantes a la membrana de los espermatozoides.
*Sperm aquire fertility by the addition of membrane receptors to female tract ligands. This enables them to bind to the [[Zona Pellucida]] and oocyte membranes.
*El esperma adquiere la capacidad de fertilización por la adición de receptores de membrana para ligandos del tracto femenino. Esto les permite fusionarse a la [[zona pelúcida]] y las membranas del oocito
*Sperm cells are dehydrated.
*Las células del esperma son deshidratadas
*Sperm aquire forward motility.
*Los espermatozoides ganan en motilidad.
'''Cauda (tail)'''
'''Cola'''
*Sperm metabolic activity is depressed in order to prolong life.
*La actividad metabólica de los espermatozoides se ve reducida para prolongar su vida.
*Sperm are stored here until ejaculation.
*El esperma se almacena aquí hasta su eyaculación.
'''Caput'''
==Histología==
*Columna epithelium with basal nuclei.
El epidídimo está rodeado de fibras de músculo liso. Estas fibras se contraen rítmicamente facilitando el movimiento del esperma a través del conducto.
*Small steriocillia present, these have an absorbtive function
'''Corpus'''
'''Cabeza'''
*Low columna epithelium with very prominant stereocillia.
*Epitelio columnar con núcleos basales.
*Small groups of sperm can be observed within the lumen of the duct.
*Tiene pequeños estereocilios con función de abosrción.
'''Cauda'''
'''Cuerpo'''
*Cuboidal/ Low columna epithelium. However, unlike the caput and corpus regions of the epididymis the cauda epithelium has no stereocillia.
*Epitelio columnar bajo con estereocilios muy prominentes
*Large numbers of sperm observable here as this is the site of sperm storage within the testes.
*Se pueden ver pequeños grupos de espermatozoides en la luz del conducto.
'''Cala'''
*Epitelio cúbico o columnar bajo. Sin embargo, a diferencia de la cabeza y el cuerpo, las células de la cola no tienen estereocilios.
*Se puede observar gran número de espermatozoides, ya que es aquí donde se almacena el esperma dentro de los testículos.
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